Helps students or adults learn facts presented in Christ the King, Lord of History

Dedication
In Honor of the Most Holy Name
and in Adoration of the Most Holy Face of Jesus Christ.
We Praise You, Lord,
We Bless Your Holy Name,
We Adore Your Holy Face.
We deeply desire to walk in the light of Your Face
all the days of our lives.

Acknowledgments
I am deeply grateful to my family for their patience and help in preparing the manuscript as well as for allowing me the time I needed to do the work, which was often very detailed and sometimes tedious. I thank my extended family for all the confidence they have in me. I thank all of my home schooling friends for their witness and example in raising their children in the Catholic Faith. I thank Mary Frances Lester of TAN for her encouragement and help. I thank Our Blessed Mother Mary for her intercession. I thank St. Raphael for his intercession. I thank my dear sweet Lord Jesus for His gifts and His permission to write again. I thank the Holy Spirit for all of the inspiration needed to write the book and for the fortitude to finish. I thank God my Father for allowing me to know Him from so early an age and for always being with me.

Contents
Acknowledgments . vi
A Message to the Student . ix
1. Timeline of Major Events in World History . . xii
1. A History of the Holy Shroud . xiv
1. Succession of The English Throne—Stuart Reign xiv
1. What History Is All About 1
2. Abraham . . 7
3. Moses . 13
4. The Kingdom of Israel 19
5. The Achievement of Greece . . 25
6. The Achievement of Rome 31
7. The Most Important Event in History 37
8. The Apostolic Age . 43
9. Empire Versus Church 49
10. The Great Heresies . . 55
11. The Barbarians and the Church . . 61
12. The Prophet and the Emperor 67
13. The Foundation of a New Civilization 73
14. The High Middle Ages 79
15. The Greatest of Centuries 85
16. Spain Becomes a Great Power 91
17. Revolt and Counterattack 97
18. England Against the Faith 103
19. The Catholic Defense . 109
20. The Catholic Offense . 115
21. The Age of France 121
22. The Rise and Fall of the Stuarts . 127
23. Liberals and Despots . 133
24. The French Revolution 139
25. The Age of Napoleon . . 145
26. The Nineteenth Century . 151

A Message to the Student
Welcome to this Workbook for Christ the King—Lord of History. This workbook was designed to help you make good use of Anne Carroll’s textbook, Christ the King—Lord of History, which is an excellent text for understanding the basics of world history from a Catholic perspective. Mrs. Carroll recommends using her text for a two-year course of world history, and I concur. Whether you are a student or an adult, it is more important to learn this material thoroughly than to go through it quickly. This thorough grasp of world history is fundamental to understanding our Catholic Faith; it is also fundamental to understanding the history of America, the New World.

Christ the King—Lord of History is not a text to simply read through and then expect yourself to remember. Without some sort of reinforcement, the material will simply become a blur in your mind. In order to remember the information and to see how the history of the world is intimately linked with that of the Catholic Church, you have to continue to work through the material and have it presented in different formats. I have created this Workbook for Christ the King—Lord of History to help you go over the material. This Workbook covers almost every major topic from the text. Whether you are an adult working independently to learn history or a student in a Catholic school or home school, I recommend that you use the Workbook as a guide before you go through each chapter, to assist you in focusing on the most important material, and then answer the questions once you have finished. Later, you could use the Workbook with the answers filled in as a review. In that scenario, you are really studying the material in-depth three times besides reading the chapter! An alternate way to use this Workbook would be to use the Questions as a test at the end of each chapter. The three sheets of paper (five or six sides) for each chapter can be cut out of the book if desired. The Answer Key pages are perforated for easy removal.

Study Tips
When you read Christ the King—Lord of History, take the initiative in learning and remembering the material! Take notes as you read through the text. Brief notes in the form of words, phrases and dates can be so useful and will not stop your progress in reading the chapter (the way copying a whole sentence would). For more complicated material, it is highly recommended that you make yourself time-lines and charts to organize it for clearer understanding and better retention. For example, if you make a table or chart with names and dates of the successors to Queen Elizabeth I, you can see them at a glance and remember them more easily.

Christ the King—Lord of History is not completely chronological by chapter, but is organized by periods of time, periods in Church History, and by countries. The author sometimes covers several hundred years in one chapter and then, in the next chapter, goes back 100 years or so to relate what was happening in another country at that same time. When you come to a part in the text that fits in with something read in an earlier chapter, go back and look it up before going on, so that you really understand. Make sure that you go back to the preceding chapter and see how the current chapter fits with the preceding one, how it completes and continues the information studied previously. If you feel confused, take the tables and charts you have made from each chapter and set them side by side by time period to see the information more clearly. Review the two chapters together when you finish reading to make sure you understand how they fit and where they overlap. For example, put together the different sections on the Holy Shroud found in various chapters (by marking the pages and flipping back and forth through the four or five chapters), so you get a complete picture. See pages xii–xiv for some sample charts.

You can make simple charts like this for yourself whenever the data presented in the text is difficult to remember. Sometimes a person who was mentioned in an earlier chapter will pop up again in a later one with the surname only. It will seem as though you have seen this name somewhere, but you cannot remember where. Don’t keep reading; stop and go back to find who this is and in what context you read about him or her earlier.

Continued Learning
It can be so much fun to branch out with continued learning. At the end of many chapters are listed lives of saints from that particular time period, and possibly other books that fit the time period. Those by Mary Fabyan Windeatt are written for younger readers (age 10 and up). Those by F.A. Forbes were originally written for young people in their teens, but they are not “juvenile,” and adults enjoy them as well. You can also look up events, people, terms, etc. in a Catholic dictionary or Catholic encyclopedia, even if you feel that you understand them. These sources will probably have additional information.

As you work through the chapters in the text, consider reading extra material (even beyond what I have suggested) to solidify your learning and continue to jog your memory. I would recommend Bible passages, readings from the Church Fathers and Popes in the Divine Office or Liturgy of the Hours, and books that provide more in-depth coverage of a particular part in the text. For example, after Chapter 17 on the Protestant Revolt, you might read from the Bible about obedience in Ecclesiasticus (Sirach) and in the Passion narratives of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John (Our Lord’s obedience). An excellent resource for continued learning is Dr. Warren Carroll’s multi-volume The History of Christendom, available from Christendom Press (134 Christendom Dr. Front Royal, Virginia 22630). You can obtain other materials from good Catholic publishers like TAN; for out-of-print books, you can use Inter-library Loan through your public library. This will allow you to receive books from libraries around the country after a short waiting time (approximately three weeks). Church libraries, university libraries and family and friends may also allow you to borrow and read books related to the chapter. For example, you could read Hilaire Belloc’s How the Reformation Happened. Reading material from Catholic publishers will help you to recognize more easily when other books are written from a Protestant or atheist perspective. You will see how those works have indoctrinated our society as opposed to the truth. Study Chapters 17, 18 and 20 in great depth and very carefully. Do not move on in the text until you really understand these chapters, as they are critical to understanding the Protestant Revolt and the corresponding devastation to God’s Kingdom that we see today. For this reason, I have suggested a greater number of books for Chapter 20. Take your time. Your understanding and knowledge will assist you during your life in your evangelization efforts, as well as in withstanding errors and responding to non-Catholic evangelizers.

The Catholic Meaning of History
Remember, the more times you see the information in different forms, the better you will retain it and the more clearly you will understand history. Eventually you will feel as though you are on a road with a clear sense of your direction, knowing and understanding what is to the north, south, east and west. You will see clearly what happened before you in history and what is happening now. You will understand how we got to where we are today. You will see how God has worked through so many individual people and how people have affected history because of their cooperation or lack of cooperation to His Will.

When you see what individuals like Luther and Cardinal Richelieu have brought about by their disobedience and the devastating effects they have had on all of us down to the present, it will become clear that the price of disobedience is death for many souls. On the other hand, obedience—as Jesus and all of His saints show us—brings blessings, graces and goodness to others, and many souls are saved. Through this clear Catholic understanding of history, you will better understand how important it is that you cooperate with God’s grace and do His will—not only for your own soul, but also for the sake of others, including those living now and those in times to come. I hope that my efforts to make Mrs. Carroll’s text more useful to you will help you to truly be all that God wants you to be for the Church. May God make clear to you, through the gifts of the Holy Spirit (knowledge, wisdom and understanding), the history of His world and Church that you are about to study. I will be praying for you and I ask your prayers for me. God bless you.
—Mrs. Belinda Mooney

GOD’S COVENANT WITH ABRAHAM
SINAI COVENANT—God gives the 10 Commandments to Moses
510 B.C. FOUNDING OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
457–429 B.C. GOLDEN AGE OF GREECE
1 A.D. THE INCARNATION: Jesus comes into the world
33 A.D. FOUNDING OF CATHOLIC CHURCH
450–1050 THE “DARK AGES” (approximate dates)
800 CORONATION OF CHARLEMAGNE by Pope Leo III (Beginning of
Holy Roman Empire)
1050–1450 THE “HIGH MIDDLE AGES” (approximate dates)
1054 GREEK SCHISM—Patriarch of Constantinople refused to accept papal
authority. Russian and Greek Orthodox Churches separate from the
Roman Catholic Church.
1453 FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE, and thus the fall of the Roman Empire
in the East
1492 EXPULSION OF THE MOORS (MOSLEMS) FROM SPAIN
1492 COLUMBUS’ VOYAGE TO THE NEW WORLD
1517 PROTESTANT REVOLT—Martin Luther nails his “95 Theses” to the
door of the Church in Wittenberg, beginning a series of events that
would launch the Protestant Revolt.
1534 ACT OF SUPREMACY, ENGLAND—Henry VIII formally took
England into schism by declaring himself head of the Church in
England.
1571 LEPANTO—Christian victory over the Turks at Lepanto, protecting
Europe from Moslem rule.
1600 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION—discoveries by Isaac Newton and
others. (approximate date)
1648 TREATY OF WESTPHALIA—This ended the Thirty Years War and
marked a permanent split in Christendom between Protestant areas
and Catholic areas.
1700’s LIBERALISM, ABSOLUTISM AND FREEMASONRY attack the
Church. 18th century—“Age of Reason” or “Enlightenment.”
1769 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION begins with the invention of the steam
engine.
1789 THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, dated from “the storming of the
Bastille”
1820’s SOCIALISM appears in France and England, demanding that government
control the means of production and own and operate factories
and businesses.
1848 COMMUNISM—publication of The Communist Manifesto, written by
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
1914–1918 WORLD WAR I
1917 OUR LADY OF FATIMA appears; RUSSIAN REVOLUTION begins—
Our Lady appeals for prayer and sacrifices to prevent spread of “the
errors of Russia” throughout the world, plus wars and persecutions
of the Church. The Russian Revolution ushers in Communism in
Russia.
1936–1939 SPANISH CIVIL WAR—Franco and the Nationalist forces overcome
the Communist forces in Spain.
1939–1945 WORLD WAR II
1965–1973 WAR IN VIETNAM
1962–1965 VATICAN COUNCIL II—Afterwards, Modernist ideas were held up as
being in “the spirit of Vatican II”; concept became common that
anything “pre-Vatican II” was outdated.
1978 JOHN PAUL II BECOMES POPE

A History of the Holy Shroud
(Pages 77–78; 83–84; 156–157; 199–200)
Pre-57 A.D. St. Jude brings the Shroud to Edessa to cure King Abgar and
establish Christianity there (baptized the King and others).
57 A.D. persecutions of Christians broke out; cloth hidden in city gates
for safe-keeping
57 A.D.–6th century In Edessa
6th century Edessa had an earthquake which damaged the city walls and
revealed the hiding place of the Shroud. It is enshrined in main
church.
943 General John Curcuas brought it to Constantinople for
Byzantine Emperor Romanus Lecapenus. It was installed in the
royal chapel and not shown publicly until it was unfolded and
found to be a Shroud, not just a portrait. Later, it was used in a
ceremony representing Christ’s Resurrection on Easter Sunday.
1356 Jeanne DeCharney exhibited Shroud—first time seen publicly
in 150 years.
1532 Fire in the Church in Chambery, France
1578 House of Savoy moved to Turin, Italy and exhibited Shroud
there.
1983 Last Savoy relative dies and wills the Shroud to the Vatican
Succession of The English Throne—Stuart Reign
Elizabeth—Protestant
James I (Stuart)—Protestant
Charles I (Stuart)—Protestant—married a Catholic
Oliver Cromwell—Protestant
Charles II (Stuart)—Protestant—married a Catholic
James II (Stuart)—Catholic
Mary (Stuart) and William III of Orange—Protestant
Anne (Stuart)—Protestant
George of Hanover—Protestant

CHAPTER 1—WHAT HISTORY IS ALL ABOUT

Completion
Directions: Complete and make each statement true and accurate by writing one or more words on each blank line.

1. History is the ________________________ of ________________________ , which have made a difference in the world.
2. Men who write history are called ________________________.
3. Each ________________________ will write about the events he thinks are most important and will give his own ________________________ .
4. Jesus was not only a religious figure; he was a ________________________ figure as well.
5. The only event which has influenced every single person who has ever lived is the ________________________ of Jesus Christ.
6. Geography is very important because we cannot fully understand events unless we know ________________________ these events occurred.
7. Europe and the Middle East have produced the greatest ________________________ and have had the most ________________________ on the rest of the world.
8. B.C. stands for ________________________ .
9. Anno Domini is Latin for ________________________ .
10. The ________________________ dates with higher numbers occurred before those with lower numbers.
11. Around the year ________________________ B.C., God began to act directly in history in preparation for the Incarnation.
12. The years before 3000 B.C. are known as ________________________ times.
13. One of the main reference books you will need is ________________________ .
14. The Old Testament in Protestant Bibles includes only those books originally written in the ________________________ language.

Multiple Choice
Directions: After each statement below, there is a set of words or phrases. Circle the letter next to the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

1. History includes
a) the bombing of Pearl Harbor
b) a couple celebrating 10 yrs. of marriage
c) Columbus discovering America
d) a. and c.
e) all of the above

2. The most important event in the history of the world had influence
a) at the time it occurred
b) at the present time
c) even before it occurred
d) all of the above

3. The people who prepared the world for the coming of Jesus were
a) Egyptian
b) Babylonian
c) Jewish
d) Roman

4. Christ the King—Lord of History covers:
a) what events happened and why
b) what resulted from the events
c) what difference the events made
d) great people who have made history
e) a, b, and c
f) all of the above

5. The globe is divided for convenience into
a) continents
b) hemispheres
c) oceans
d) land masses

6. The great land masses of the world are the seven
a) empires
b) kingdoms
c) continents
d) nations

7. The United States was too small to make much of a difference in world events
until about
a) 1776
b) 1865
c) 1917
d) 1945

8. The last year dated B.C. was 1 B.C. It was followed by what year A.D.?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) none of the above

9. The Bible was originally written in
a) Hebrew and Greek
b) Hebrew and Latin
c) Hebrew only
d) Greek and Latin

10. This history book spends less time on which country?
a) Spain
b) United States
c) France
d) Egypt

True/False
Directions: Circle the letter T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.

1. T F All events make up history.
2. T F All historians have similar ideas about what events should be recorded.
3. T F It is possible to create a perfect history of the Civil War.
4. T F The Church is the only institution which survived the collapse of Roman Civilization.
5. T F Many of the problems which our world presently faces are caused by the rejection of the Church and its teachings.
6. T F The best history books are those which emphasize wars because history only makes sense from that point of view.
7. T F Because geography can be confusing, it is not very important.
8. T F The first two digits of a year indicate the century that it is in (e.g., 1705 is in the 17th century).
9. T F The argument that the Bible is a collection of stories that did not really happen has been proved wrong by archeological excavations.
10. T F There are different versions of the Bible based on different translations of the original languages.
11. T F The Bible used by the Catholic Church includes the books originally written in both Hebrew and Greek.
12. T F Protestant Bibles have fewer books in the Old Testament than Catholic Bibles.
13. T F The Bible may be used as a history book.

A) Before Christ
B) conquered an empire against great odds
C) non-Christian abbreviation for the time we are living in now
D) most important event in history
E) Jewish historian
F) a nation which rules other nations
G) first century
H) Year of Our Lord
I) Protestant Bible
J) dominated Europe for many years
K) great empire
L) Catholic civilization
M) Roman historian

1. ___ C.E.
2. ___ The Incarnation
3. ___ Empire
4. ___ Babylon
5. ___ Alexander the Great
6. ___ Tacitus
7. ___ Western civilization
8. ___ B.C.
9. ___ A.D.
10. ___ Josephus
11. ___ Napoleon
12. ___ 1 A.D. to 100 A.D.
13. ___ King James version

Mini-Essay Question: Why does the Catholic Bible contain seven more books than (Extra credit—4 points.) the Protestant Bible?
Personal Opinion: Name an important or interesting fact that you learned in this chapter. How could this fact affect your life?

Supplemental Reading
Fr. John Laux. Introduction to the Bible. TAN.
Rev. Henry Graham. Where We Got the Bible—Our Debt to the Catholic Church. TAN.
Douay-Rheims version. The Holy Bible. TAN.

Completion
Directions: Complete and make each statement true and accurate by writing one or more words on each blank line.

1. The new food supplies made available by the ________________________ made possible a great increase in ________________________ and laid the foundations for civilization.
2. Civilization is distinguished from barbarism by the presence of true ________________________ and the use of ________________________ .
3. Each of the great cities of the Sumerian civilization (Agade, Ur, Babylon) was once a mighty center of ________________________ and ________________________ .
4. The Egyptians learned to write from the ________________________ .
5. India was the only civilized culture known to have institutionalized enforced cremation, through a practice known as ________________________ .
6. Because of the Indians’ philosophy and their belief in ________________________ , they could not believe in the value of the individual human person.
7. God made with Abraham a ________________________ , a solemn agreement which binds the persons involved to each other.
8. In ancient times Canaan was the center of the human world—the point nearest to the great concentrations of population, a crossroads and a juncture among ________________________ , Asia and ________________________ .
9. In order for him to receive the great reward which God had prepared for him, Abraham had to prove his ________________________ and ________________________ in the Lord beyond any shadow of a doubt.
10. God said to Abraham through the angel: “And in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed, because thou has ________________________ my voice.”
11. Abraham’s faith in God was ________________________ . He believed that somehow both he and his son ________________________ would return. And so they did.
12. Abraham is the spiritual father of one and one half ________________________ living human beings.
13. Abraham was buried in a tomb in Hebron, the location of which is marked today by a ________________________ .
14. ________________________ was sold by his brothers to wandering slave traders who brought him into Egypt.

Multiple Choice
Directions: After each statement below, there is a set of words or phrases. Circle the letter next to the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

1. The first civilizations grew up in
a) cities
b) river valleys
c) deserts
d) none of the above

2. There were three river valley civilizations in ancient times:
a) Mesopotamia (Iraq), Egypt and Harappa (India)
b) Mesopotamia, Egypt and Greece
c) Mesopotamia, Harappa and Israel
d) Egypt, Harappa and Greece

3. The earliest civilization began in the fertile lands between the Tigris and
Euphrates Rivers and is called what civilization?
a) Indian
b) Egyptian
c) Harappan
d) Sumerian

4. Egypt was from the beginning ruled as a
a) democracy
b) republic
c) dictatorship
d) none of the above

5. When India was first opened to the West, the many evils found there, which apparently originated in Harappa, included
a) the cult of Kali
b) self-torture
c) belief in the pharaoh as a god
d) a. and b. only
e) a. and c. only

6. To whom did God choose to begin the revelation of the divine plan for the Redemption of men?
a) Moses
b) Abraham
c) John the Baptist
d) Isaias

7. The land to which God sent Abraham was Canaan. Which of the following is not another name for Canaan?
a) Palestine
b) Holy Land
c) Israel
d) Promised Land
e) Mesopotamia

8. This book in the Bible tells us the story of Abraham’s trust in God, which led him to say yes to the sacrifice of his son Isaac:
a) Genesis
b) Exodus
c) Leviticus
d) none of the above

9. After the angel appeared in order to tell Abraham to spare Isaac, Abraham lifted his eyes and saw behind his back this animal, which he took and offered as a holocaust instead of his son:
a) a goat
b) a lion
c) a ram
d) a lamb
e) none of the above

10. The members of what religion(s) call Abraham their spiritual father?
a) Christian
b) Moslem
c) Jewish
d) a. and c.
e) all of the above

True/False
Directions: Circle the letter T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.

1. T F River valleys had better soil and easy availability of water, which made farming easier.
2. T F The earliest civilization began around 2000 B.C.
3. T F The remains of a temple, called a ziggurat (shaped like a stepped pyramid), is virtually all that remains of the first civilization in the
world.
4. T F The civilization of Babylon grew up along the Nile River in Africa.
5. T F Because Egypt is a narrow strip of land surrounded by desert, it is not very fertile.
6. T F Harappan traders reached Sumeria, where canal irrigation, deep plowing and well-made metal tools were in use, and Harappa adopted these improvements.
7. T F There have been few men who have towered above history as Abraham has, who have made decisions and taken actions which influenced millions of people thousands of years after their death.
8. T F God promised Abraham he would have only one descendent, named Isaac.
9. T F God appeared to Abraham as one Man so that he could understand that God is One rather than many.
10. T F Abraham hesitated briefly to do God’s will.
11. T F Abraham is honored by four religions which call him their father.
12. T F Because of his talents and ability to interpret dreams, Joseph rose to a high place in the Hyksos government.
13. T F After Joseph’s prudent advice spared Egypt the effects of the famine, the 12 tribes took up residence in Egypt.

Matching
Directions: This list is made up of names of persons, groups, places and things. Each one corresponds to one of the lettered phrases below. In each blank, write the letter of the phrase that correctly identifies that person, group, place or thing.

1. ___ Mesopotamia and Palestine
2. ___ Sargon of Agade
3. ___ Temple near Ur
4. ___ Harappa civilization
5. ___ Caste system
6. ___ Abram
7. ___ Canaan
8. ___ Sarah
9. ___ Hebron
10. ___ Mount Moriah
11. ___ mosque
12. ___ Nation of Israel
13. ___ Akhenaten

A) fierce warrior
B) India
C) place of Abraham’s sacrifice of Isaac
D) Iraq and Israel
E) wife of Abraham
F) 14th–century B.C. King of Egypt
G) ruins of Sumerian civilization
H) Jewish people
I) rigid social classes
J) an oasis, where God appeared to Abraham
K) Promised Land
L) Abraham
M) Moslem place of worship

Mini-Essay Question: What did Abraham reveal about himself through his willingness to sacrifice his son to God?
Personal Opinion: Name an important or interesting fact that you learned in this chapter. How could this fact affect your life?

Completion
Directions: Complete and make each statement true and accurate by writing one or more words on each blank line.

1. The Pharaohs ________________________ and ________________________ built new cities on which the Israelite slaves labored.
2. God is ________________________ being, which means He owes His existence to no one or nothing else.
3. The method chosen by God to persuade both the people and the pharaoh to heed Moses was to bring about a series of catastrophes, the ten ________________________ .
4. By using ________________________ phenomena to bring about the liberation of His people, God demonstrated to the Israelites and Egyptians alike that He was the Lord of _______________________ .
5. God commanded the people to be ready to march, so they ate their final meal dressed for a ________________________ .
6. The Passover feast would foreshadow Jesus’ freeing of all men from the slavery of ________________________ through His Blood.
7. The Israelites were guided in their journey by a pillar of ________________________ by day and a pillar of ________________________ by night.
8. The Jewish people would ________________________ each time there was a crisis, yet God continued to provide them overwhelming evidence of His loving ________________________ .
9. Moses lead the people across the desert from one ________________________ and well to another.
10. God promised Israel He would count them a Kingdom of ________________________ , a consecrated nation.
11. ________________________ were a huge departure from established behavior.
12. The people ratified the covenent with a ________________________ .
13. Moses turned away God’s anger by ________________________ , and Israel again promised loyalty to God.
14. ________________________ and ________________________ were the only two Israelites whose faith and courage had never failed in the desert.

Multiple Choice
Directions: After each statement below, there is a set of words or phrases. Circle the letter next to the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

1. Moses was brought up in the Egyptian court, as we know from the Book of
a) Genesis
b) Exodus
c) Leviticus
d) Numbers

3. The number of plagues God sent upon Egypt was
a) three
b) five
c) ten
d) fifteen

4. The plague of locusts mocked the goddess
a) Serapis
b) Beelzebul
c) Heeate
d) Aten

5. God commanded that the Israelites
a) kill a lamb and eat all of it
b) bake leavened bread
c) put the blood of the lamb on their doorposts
d) a. and c. only
e) all of the above

6. To celebrate the night that the angel of death spared the Israelites and killed only
the first-born Egyptians, Jewish people yearly celebrate
a) Yom Kippur
b) Hanukkah
c) Passover
d) none of the above

7. God’s miracles in the desert included all the following except
a) changing bitter water to sweet
b) providing lambs and quail for food
c) producing water from a rock
d) helping them defeat an enemy tribe

8. God delivered the Ten Commandments with
a) a thunderstorm
b) lightning bolts
c) a fire on the mountain
d) b. and c. only
e) none of the above

9. To punish the Israelites’ lack of faith and trust, God decreed that no one older than
this (except for two men) would enter the Promised Land:
a) 10 years old
b) 20 years old
c) 30 years old
d) 40 years old

10. He is the chief human author of the Pentateuch, the first 5 books of the Bible:
a) Moses
b) Abraham
c) Joshua
d) Caleb

True/False

Directions: Circle the letter T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.

1. T F Rameses II reigned for 70 years.
2. T F During his reign, Rameses II was the most powerful man in the world.
3. T F God is existence itself; His name is I Am.
4. T F The blood-red Nile was an attack on the worship of the god Re.
5. T F The Israelites chose the route through Sinai instead of along the Mediterranean.
6. T F The pillars of cloud and fire are signs in the Scriptures of the presence of God.
7. T F The Israelites learned of Pharaoh’s pursuit of them as they camped near the Red Sea.
8. T F The Israelites’ part of the Sinai Covenant was to keep the Ten Commandments.
9. T F The Israelites stayed for 40 years at the camp while Moses received the Ten Commandments.
10. T F After the Israelites were given the Ten Commandments, Moses returned to the mountain.
11. T F For 50 years, the Israelites 20 years and older wandered in the Sinai desert as punishment for their lack of faith.
12. T F Moses trained the new generation for battle before they entered the Promised Land.
13. T F After Moses died, Joshua assumed leadership of Israel.

1. ___ General Horemheb
2. ___ dynasty
3. ___ Moses
4. ___ Sinai peninsula
5. ___ Yahweh
6. ___ plagues
7. ___ Passover time
8. ___ Angel of death
9. ___ Sinai
10. ___ Sinai Covenant
11. ___ The Ten Commandments
12. ___ idolatry
13. ___ Ark of the Covenant

A) a code of law
B) late March or early April
C) desert
D) new agreement between God and Israel
E) liberator
F) killed all firstborn Egyptians
G) located between Egypt and Palestine
H) ruling family
I) name God gave Himself
J) restored the god-king’s empire
K) catastrophes
L) beautiful box containing the Commandment tablets
M) worship of false gods

Mini-Essay Question: What is the connection between the first Passover and Jesus Christ dying on the Cross?
Personal Opinion: Name an important or interesting fact that you learned in this chapter. How could this fact affect your life?

Supplemental Reading
Johnson, Hannan, Dominica. Bible History. TAN.
Bible. Exodus 20:1–17.
Leviticus 19:1–18, 31–37. (Ten Commandments)

Completion
Directions: Complete and make each statement true and accurate by writing one or more words on each blank line.

1. ________________________ led his people across the Jordan River into Canaan where the 12 tribes of Israel settled in the Promised Land.
2. Joshua warned the people to choose no earthly ________________________ .
3. ________________________ drove the Philistines from the Promised Land.
4. David conquered ________________________ , where he established his capital city and brought the Ark of the Covenant.
5. God honored David by granting him a vision of a future ________________________ , one who would be descended from David himself and who would establish an everlasting kingdom.
6. As long as David was ________________________ to God, he was the greatest king in the world. He saw his world crumble when he used his power to
________________________ .
7. History teaches that earthly power and success cannot bring lasting ________________________ .
8. When the nation of Israel split, the northern kingdom was called ________________________ and the southern kingdom was called ________________________ .
9. ________________________ was the setting of the challenge of Elias to the 450 priests of Baal.
10. ________________________ was taken up to Heaven in a fiery chariot after having faithfully completed his work.
11. God sent holy men called ________________________ to Judah to point out the people’s sins and to foretell disasters that would result from their sins.
12. ________________________ responded to God’s call with the words, “Here I am, send me.”
13. The first main prophet of the exiled Israelites in Babylon was ________________________ .
14. Upon their return from exile, the Jews again realized they were the ________________________ and had a special purpose in history.

Multiple Choice
Directions: After each statement below, there is a set of words or phrases. Circle the letter next to the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

1. Leaders who assumed responsibility for Israel during emergencies were called
a) kings
b) judges
c) warriors
d) anointed ones
e) none of the above

2. The Israelites were defeated by the Philistines and ruled by them for a period of
a) 40 years
b) 100 years
c) 300 years
d) 500 years
e) none of the above

3. David was anointed King of Israel at the age of
a) 30
b) 35
c) 40
d) 50
e) none of the above

4. The king who committed sins involving Bathsheba and Uriah was
a) Saul
b) David
c) Solomon
d) Rehoboam
e) none of the above

5. Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem was dedicated about the year
a) 950 B.C.
b) 700 B.C.
c) 500 B.C.
d) 100 B.C.
e) none of the above

6. The northern kingdom of Israel was destroyed by
a) famine
b) earthquakes
c) conquest by the Assyrians
d) civil war
e) c. and d.

7. Like Abraham and Moses, this prophet received a personal visitation from God:
a) Elias
b) Isaias
c) Ezechiel
d) Daniel
e) none of the above

8. The prophet who foretold the destruction of Judah, the deportation of its citizens, their return, and the future sufferings and resurrection of Christ was
a) Elias
b) Isaias
c) Ezechiel
d) Daniel
e) none of the above

9. The king of Judah gave Assyria control over Judah’s affairs in exchange for protection from Assyria. This is called
a) protectionism
b) colonization
c) vassalage
d) none of the above

10. The prediction that Cyrus, King of the Persians, would defeat the Babylonians was revealed through mysterious handwriting on the wall, which was interpreted by
a) Ezechiel
b) Daniel
c) Zoroaster
d) Isaias

True/False
Directions: Circle the letter T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.

1. T F Before he died, Joshua approved of the people choosing an earthly king.
2. T F Saul had the authority to rule the people and the responsibility to rule in harmony with God’s Will.
3. T F Saul was humble and accepted God’s Will.
4. T F Saul was the greatest of all the Kings of Israel.
5. T F God taught us through David that He can still use weak and sinful people to accomplish His Will.
6. T F Solomon’s 40 years as a ruler were marked by strife with other lands.
7. T F Solomon eventually became too attached to his wealth and prestige.
8. T F Jezebel tried to enforce the worship of pagan gods throughout Israel.
9. T F An angel touched Isaias’ lips with a burning coal, and Isaias welcomed the pain as a sign to mark that his sins were forgiven.
10. T F God pressed Isaias into service, despite unwillingness on Isaias’ part.
11. T F The Babylonians captured Jerusalem but had mercy on the people.
12. T F The prophets helped the people to see their misfortunes and disasters in terms of just punishment for their sins and to realize that they must turn back to God and worship Him.
13. T F The Persian King Cyrus allowed the Chosen People to return home.

1. ___ Canaanites
2. ___ Palestine
3. ___ Samuel
4. ___ Saul
5. ___ David
6. ___ Messiah
7. ___ Psalms
8. ___ Absalom
9. ___ Temple of Yahweh
10. ___ Rehoboam
11. ___ Jezebel
12. ___ The Exile
13. ___ Daniel

A) served as Judge under Philistine oppression
B) second King of Israel
C) stronger personality than Achab
D) named for warriors who defeated Israel
E) Babylonian Captivity
F) poems of David
G) ordered built by Solomon
H) had ability to interpret dreams
I) Anointed One
J) Folly of the Nation
K) enemies of Israel
L) first King of Israel
M) David’s son

Mini-Essay Question:
King Cyrus was kind to the Jews, unlike other ancient (Extra credit—4 points.) conquerors. What is a possible reason for his high moral code?

Supplemental Reading
Johnson, Hannan, Dominica. Bible History. TAN.
Mary Fabyan Windeatt. King David and His Songs. TAN.

Completion
Directions: Complete and make each statement true and accurate by writing one or more words on each blank line.

1. Greece was divided into ________________________ , which were a series of independent cities which ruled the territory surrounding them.
2. The battle in which 6,400 Persians died in trying to capture Greece was fought on the plain of ________________________ .
3. Athens appealed to ________________________ for help against Xerxes.
4. The time of great artistic and cultural achievements in Greece is known as its ________________________ .
5. The Greek scientist ________________________ made advances in geometry, while ________________________ made advances in medicine.
6. The development of ________________________ , the use of reason and logic to study the great questions of the universe, was among the greatest Greek achievements.
7. The Greek philosophers taught us how to think logically about questions and problems, using our minds to find ________________________ and
________________________ .
8. Western civilization, based in ________________________ , was able to advance in science and medicine because of the use of reason and logic.
9. The doctrines of the Church can be defended ________________________ and can be better understood through the use of ________________________ .
10. After Philip the Great was assassinated, his son ________________________ became the king of Macedon and Greece at the age of 20.
11. Alexander had been tutored by ________________________ .
12. Alexander wanted to march to the ________________________ of the ________________________ .
13. Alexander married ________________________ , daughter of the Sogdian commander.
14. After Alexander died, Macedon, ________________________ and ________________________ were the three great powers in the world.

Multiple Choice
Directions: After each statement below, there is a set of words or phrases. Circle the letter next to the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

1. By 500 B.C., Darius ruled the whole civilized world west of central India with the exception of
a) Egypt
b) Israel
c) Greece and Carthage
d) all of the above
e) none of the above

2. The most important city-state in Greece, and the one which met the Persian
threat, was
a) Athens
b) Carthage
c) Crete
d) Sparta

3. Leonidas asked for men in his army to come forward to hold off the Persians so that 7,000 Spartans could escape. The number of men who volunteered was
a) 300
b) 350
c) 5,300
d) none of the above

4. The government of Athens was a
a) republic
b) dictatorship
c) pure democracy
d) aristocracy

6. The study of existence is called
a) religion
b) metaphysics
c) rationality
d) none of the above

7. The great Greek philosopher who reasoned to the concept of an eternal God,
or Uncaused Cause, was
a) Socrates
b) Plato
c) Aristotle
d) Hippocrates

8. The war between Athens and Sparta was known as the
a) War of the City-States
b) Peloponnesian War
c) Battle of Chaeronea
d) Athenian War

9. The first city Alexander founded was Alexandria in
a) Greece
b) Rome
c) Babylon
d) Egypt

10. After eight years away from home, Alexander’s weary troops finally refused to continue when they were in
a) Egypt
b) Babylon
c) Iran
d) Tyre
e) India

True/False
Directions: Circle the letter T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.

1. T F The Persian Wars ended in decisive defeat of the Persian army by the Greeks.
2. T F Miltiades was unprepared to deal with the Persians.
3. T F Because a traitor revealed to Xerxes the hidden mountain pass, the Spartan army was defeated by Persia.
4. T F In a pure democracy, all citizens meet to make laws and set policy, with one of their number carrying out the policies until the next assembly.
5. T F Through their statues, Greek sculptors were the first artists on record to depict human beings realistically.
6. T F Philosophy uses reason and logic to study questions such as, “What is reality?”
7. T F Aristotle believed that God took an interest in man.
8. T F Greek philosophy was very important to God’s plan for Christ’s Church.
9. T F Alexander’s army was the second army to march across the Gedrosian Desert.
10. T F Alexander succeeded in defeating Persia.
11. T F Alexander did not oppress the native Persian peoples or deny them their customs.
12. T F Alexander died in Babylon at 32 years of age.
13. T F Alexander united the East and West in Greek language and culture, opening up lines of communication and transportation, thus helping the eventual Church to spread throughout the world.

Matching
Directions: This list is made up of names of persons, groups, places and things. Each one corresponds to one of the lettered phrases below. In each blank, write the letter of the phrase that correctly identifies that person, group, place or thing.
1. ___ Bardiya, son of Cyrus
2. ___ Darius the Great
3. ___ Miltiades
4. ___ Xerxes
5. ___ Pericles
6. ___ Sophocles
7. ___ Parmenides
8. ___ Socratic method
9. ___ Plato
10. ___ phalanx
11. ___ Companions
12. ___ scythe chariot
13. ___ Alexandria-the-Farthest

A) the best of Alexander’s cavalry troops
B) Socrates’ pupil
C) “the lie”
D) questions and answers
E) Persian weapon of war
F) Greek playwright
G) commander of Athenian forces
H) Alexander’s main military formation
I) a city almost to the borders of China
J) Son of Darius
K) ruler of Athens during the Golden Age
L) Persian King
M) founder of Metaphysics

Mini-Essay Question: How did God use the Persian Wars to prepare indirectly for (Extra credit—4 points.) the coming of Christ?

CHAPTER 6—THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ROME

Completion
Directions: Complete and make each statement true and accurate by writing one or more words on each blank line.

1. The checkerboard fighting groups of the Romans were called ________________________ .
2. Rome won the allegiance of people they conquered by granting them Roman ________________________ .
3. The ________________________ conducted foreign policy, raised armies and kept peace and order within Rome.
4. The plebeians were protected from magistrates’ oppressive laws by the ________________________ .
5. The Roman moral code was based on ________________________ .
6. The ________________________ Wars were those between Rome and Carthage.
7. The Romans took control of ________________________ , and defeated the naval power of the world at that time.
8. The 20-year-old ________________________ rejuvenated the remnants of the Roman army when it had been almost conquered by Hannibal, by urging all to swear by their blade not to desert Rome.
9. After conquering Carthage, the Romans sowed ________________________ in the earth to make it uninhabitable.
10. Antiochus’ fury at ________________________ the Roman drove him to religious persecution against the Jewish people.
11. Antiochus and his pagans tried to destroy the faith of the Jewish people and change them from ________________________ (worshipers of the one true God) into ________________________ (worshipers of many false gods).
12. The ________________________ war of 91 to 88 B.C. was civil disorder at its highest in Rome as the Romans fought the other Italians they ruled.
13. The three-man rule of Caesar, Pompey and Crassus was called the ________________________ .
14. One of the greatest contributions of Rome to the world was the development of Natural Law ________________________ .

Multiple Choice
Directions: After each statement below, there is a set of words or phrases. Circle the letter next to the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

1. When they became independent from the Etruscans, the Romans set up a form of government known as
a) pure democracy
b) republic
c) monarchy
d) dictatorship

2. The number of independent classes of magistrates in Rome was
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
e) five

3. The two most important magistrates in the Roman government were the
a) tribunes and senators
b) consuls and tribunes
c) senators and plebians
d) tribunes and patricians
e) plebians and senators

4. The animal which Antiochus ordered the Jews to sacrifice in order to mock their religion was the
a) lamb
b) goat
c) boar
d) pig

5. Judas Machabeus used all of the following in his battles against the Greeks except
a) meeting in open battle
b) hit and run raids
c) ambushes
d) sabotage

6. The Romans became the rulers of the Jewish people in 63 B.C. when Palestine was annexed to the Roman Empire by General
a) Sulla
b) Pompey
c) Mithridates
d) Marius

7. The First Triumvirate consisted of
a) Caesar, Crassus, Pompey
b) Marius, Sulla, Caesar
c) Marcus, Lepidus, Mark Antony, Octavian
d) Mark Antony, Octavian, Crassus

8. The Roman ruler who was assassinated on March 15 (the Ides of March) of 44 B.C. was
a) Julius Caesar
b) Mark Antony
c) Octavian
d. Sulla

9. The spread of Roman culture into western and northern Europe happened especially through Caesar’s conquest of
a) Gaul
b) Palestine
c) Carthage
d) none of the above

10. The great Roman ruler who ushered in a period of peace and prosperity in the last years B.C. was
a) Julius Caesar
b) Cicero
c) Caesar Augustus
d) Mark Antony

True/False
Directions: Circle the letter T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.

1. T F In a Pyrrhic victory, the winning side loses few men.
2. T F Veto power was held by the magistrates in the Roman government.
3. T F The religion of the Romans was a real advantage to their society.
4. T F Child sacrifice to the god Moloch was common in Carthage.
5. T F The Roman strategy against Hannibal is studied in military colleges.
6. T F Rome always refused to negotiate with an enemy who was in arms on her territory.
7. T F Hannibal was defeated by Scipio in the Second Punic War.
8. T F The five sons of Mathathias were known as the Machabees because of the nickname given to John.
9. T F Mathathias resisted the blasphemous sacrifice in Modein and inspired others to do so as well.
10. T F Because of the heroism and perseverance of the Machabees, the Jews were independent from 141 B.C. to 63 B.C.
11. T F After ordering Caesar to stop at the Rubicon, Pompey uttered the famous cry, “The die is cast!”
12. T F Mark Antony deserted the critical battle against him near Greece because of his preoccupation with Cleopatra.
13. T F Caesar Augustus was able to bring order to Rome.

Matching
A) a Roman fighting unit
B) common people
C) Carthage must be destroyed
D) five brothers, sons of Mathathias
E) a natural virtue
F) launched the Second Punic War
G) god-like
H) men in authority
I) dictator
J) noblemen of Rome
K) excellent strategist
L) moral principles known through natural reason
M) ruler of Greece-Macedon

1. ___ King Pyrrhus
2. ___ legion
3. ___ magistrates
4. ___ Patricians
5. ___ Plebeians
6. ___ natural law
7. ___ honesty
8. ___ Delenda est Carthago
9. ___ Hannibal Barca
10. ___ Fabius the Delayer
11. ___ Machabees
12. ___ Julius Caesar
13. ___ Augustus

Mini-Essay Question: List the 4 contributions of Rome to the world which played (Extra credit—4 points.) an important role in God’s plan for the redemption of the human race.

Completion
Directions: Complete and make each statement true and accurate by writing one or more words on each blank line.

1. The ________________________ is the primary source of our information about Christ as a historical figure.
2. The first test of a historical document is its ________________________ in time to the events it describes.
3. There were ________________________ chief sects of Jews.
4. The story of the birth of Christ told in the Gospels is known as the ________________________ Narratives.
5. John the Baptist baptized Jesus in the ________________________ River.
6. One of the greatest sources of controversy between Jesus and the Pharisees was His assumption of the divine power to give and modify the ________________________ .
7. The cure of the man with the withered hand dispels the argument by some that Christ cured only people with illnesses which were ________________________ caused.
8. Opponents of Christianity also seek ________________________ explanations for some of Christ’s miracles.
9. When Christ raised Lazarus from the dead, he had already been dead for ________________________ days. There can be no doubt that he was really dead and that he really came back to life.
10. There are ________________________ main theories which try to disprove the Resurrection.
11. The soldiers pierced Christ’s ________________________ with a lance to make sure he was dead.
12. Christ’s body was placed on a long piece of ________________________ folded lengthwise over His body.
13. The Shroud confirms the Gospel accounts of the Passion and shows two coins over the eyes which were minted only by ________________________ in Palestine between October of 28 A.D. and October of 31 A.D.
14. The Shroud indirectly confirms the ________________________ because only if the body in the Shroud miraculously passed out of it would the Shroud and its image have been ________________________ .

Multiple Choice
Directions: After each statement below, there is a set of words or phrases. Circle the letter next to the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

1. Which of the following are tests for historical reliability?
a) The documents are based on eyewitness accounts.
b) There is corroboration by external, independent testimony.
c) The accounts are not contradicted by anyone at the time.
d) all of the above

2. The sect of Jews who retreated to the desert to await the Messiah were the
a) Pharisees
b) Sadducees
c) Essenes
d) Zealots

3. The birth of Christ is told in the first chapters of the Gospels of
a) Matthew and Mark
b) Matthew and Luke
c) Mark and Luke
d) John and Luke
e) none of the above

4. The powers thought by the Jews to belong to God alone included
a) the power to forgive sins
b) the power to give and to change the Law
c) the power to judge
d. a. and c. only
e) all of the above

5. Christ stated to the Jews that the Judge of all men would be
a) Himself
b) God the Father
c) God the Holy Ghost
d) all of the above

6. The traditional penalty for blasphemy was
a) crucifying
b) stoning
c) flogging
d) none of the above

7. The clear evidence that Jesus was God was
a) His teaching
b) His disposition
c) His miracles
d) none of the above

8. For doubters of Christianity, the miracles that are hardest to dispute are those in which
a) Christ cured people
b) Christ multiplied food
c) Christ raised people from the dead
d) none of the above

9. Among the women who came to the tomb to embalm the body of Jesus were
a) Salome
b) Mary, the mother of James
c) Mary Magdalene
d) a. and b. only
e) all of the above

10. According to St. Paul, the risen Christ appeared to this number of people:
a) 200
b) 300
c) 400
d) 500
e) none of the above

True/False
Directions: Circle the letter T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.

1. T F By using the birth of Christ as a measuring point for determining all dates, we acknowledge that the Incarnation is the most important event in history.
2. T F The Gospels are historically reliable documents.
3. T F The Jewish people were an easy province for the Romans to rule.
4. T F Because Herod was essentially cruel, he refused to help the Jews with building projects such as the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem.
5. T F The Pharisees helped reduce the confusion among the people as to the meaning of the Law of Moses.
6. T F The birth of Christ is true and can be confirmed by several sets of evidence.
7. T F Herod Antipas was as cruel as his father.
8. T F Jesus never explicitly claimed to be equal to God.
9. T F Jesus revealed from the beginning of His ministry that He was God.
10. T F Mass hypnotism could explain the 12 baskets of bread left over after Jesus preformed the miracle of the loaves.
11. T F The story the guards spread of the Apostles stealing Jesus’ body while they slept is still circulated today.
12. T F After the Resurrection, the Apostles refused to believe Mary Magdalene when she told them that she had seen Jesus.
13. T F The Apostles’ testimony is all the more credible because they were so difficult to convince.

1. ___ The Incarnation
2. ___ Josephus
3. ___ Herod the Great
4. ___ sect
5. ___ Pontius Pilate
6. ___ John the Baptist
7. ___ blasphemy
8. ___ I Am
9. ___ Sanhedrin
10. ___ Holy Shroud
11. ___ conspiracy theory
12. ___ hallucination theory
13. ___ Thomas

A) prophet who urged repentance in preparation for the Messiah
B) Hebrew name for God
C) the birth of Christ
D) claiming to be equal with God
E) Apostles saw a vision
of Christ
F) division
G) said: “My Lord and My God.”
H) burial cloth of Jesus
I) Client King
J) Apostles and others stole Christ’s body
K) a Romanized Jewish historian
L) Procurator (Roman governor)
M) Jewish court

Mini-Essay Question: Some people use the 1988 Carbon 14 test to try to disprove (Extra credit—4 points.) the authenticity of the Shroud, saying it is a medieval forgery. Give two possible reasons why the Carbon 14 test could have yielded incorrect results.

Personal Opinion: Name an important or interesting fact that you learned in this chapter. How could this fact affect your life?
Supplemental Reading
Johnson, Hannan, Dominica. Bible History. TAN.

Completion
Directions: Complete and make each statement true and accurate by writing one or more words on each blank line.

1. In Matthew 16, Christ gives Simon the name ________________________ because he will be the foundation stone of the Church.
2. Peter and the other Apostles brought the message of Christianity first to the ________________________ .
3. Saul was present at the stoning of the first Christian martyr, ________________________ ; Saul was converted while he was on a journey to ________________________ .
4. Saul was to be the Apostle to the ________________________ .
5. James the Lesser remained in ________________________ to become its bishop.
6. According to the most reliable traditions, the Apostle Jude went to ________________________ , while Thomas went to ________________________ to preach the Gospel.
7. Jude brought the Shroud to ________________________ to cure King Abgar, and then established Christianity there.
8. When Jude brought the Shroud to King Abgar, folded and decorated, it showed the Holy ________________________ of Jesus.
9. The Romans thought Jesus’ name was ________________________ .
10. To shift the blame from himself, Nero blamed the ________________________ for the fire of July 18, 64.
11. Paul, as a Roman citizen, was killed not by crucifixion but by ________________________ .
12. 69 A.D. was known as the “year of the ________________________ emperors.”
13. After a miraculously failed attempt to kill him, John was exiled to the island of ________________________ in the Mediterranean where he wrote the Book of ________________________ .
14. Three important themes for the first century A.D. are: the growth and spread of the Church, the decline of ________________________ and the destruction of the ________________________ .

Multiple Choice
Directions: After each statement below, there is a set of words or phrases. Circle the letter next to the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

1. The Pharisee, Saul, was converted on the way to
a) Damascus
b) Palestine
c) Athens
d) Crete
e) none of the above

2. The second persecution of the Christians was launched by
a) The Pharisees
b) King Herod Agrippa
c) Emperor Claudius
d) all of the above

3. Christian traditions tell of hundreds of cures and thousands of Baptisms at the community Thomas founded in
a) Taxila
b) Mylapore
c) Malabar
d) Mesopotamia

4. The descendants of the Christian community Thomas founded, which lasted over 1,000 years, are known as the
a) Taxila Christians
b) Mylapore Christians
c) Malabar community
d) Thomas Christians

5. The Shroud was hidden during the persecutions of Christians and was not rediscovered until an earthquake uncovered it inside the city gates of Edessa in
this century:
a) third
b) fourth
c) fifth
d) sixth

6. Paul made missionary journeys to all the following except
a) the Middle East
b) India
c) Greece
d) Asia Minor

7. The accounts of Paul’s journeys, recorded in the Acts of the Apostles, were written by
a) himself
b) St. Matthew
c) St. Luke
d) St. John

8. The Church’s first council, called by Peter, met in 50 A.D. in
a) Jerusalem
b) Rome
c) Edessa
d) Greece

9. The Christian martyrs endured which of the following at Nero’s Circus?
a) being fed to wild beasts
b) acting as murder victims in plays
c) being soaked in oil
d) being set on fire to serve as torches
e) all of the above

10. The Roman army which responded to Zealot uprisings by conquering Jerusalem
without mercy and destroying the Temple in 70 A.D. was led by
a) Vespasian
b) Titus
c) Domitian
d) Vitellius

True/False
Directions: Circle the letter T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.

1. T F It was common for a Jewish person to have Roman citizenship.
2. T F Saul’s new name, Paul, reflected his mission.
3. T F Half of the Apostles went beyond the boundaries of the Roman Empire in trying to carry the Gospel to the ends of the world as Jesus had commanded.
4. T F Paul used his letters to communities to continue teaching Christian doctrine and to help settle controversies arising in the communities after he left.
5. T F Peter decided that Gentiles should be required to obey the Mosaic Law as the Law had not yet passed away.
6. T F Paul was stranded on the island of Crete while on his way to Rome for trial.
7. T F Total power can destroy those who possess it.
8. T F Claudius died of natural causes.
9. T F Nero was an extremely popular emperor.
10. T F Christ prophesied that Peter would be crucified.
11. T F The martyrdom of the Apostles fulfilled Christ’s prophecy that “not one stone would be left upon another.”
12. T F The foundation of the west wall of the Temple, The Wailing Wall, was the site of weeping for Jews, who could no longer go to Jerusalem except once every four years.
13. T F The letter from Pope Clement to the Corinthians proves that the Pope in Rome was regarded as having authority over the whole Church within the first century after Christ died.

1. ___ Cenacle
2. ___ Pentecost Sunday
3. ___ Peter
4. ___ The Pope
5. ___ St. Stephen
6. ___ Gentiles
7. ___ James the Greater
8. ___ Caligula
9. ___ Nero
10. ___ Linus
11. ___ Vespasian
12. ___ Domitian
13. ___ Clement

A) non-Jews
B) first Apostle martyred
C) first Christian martyr
D) insane Roman ruler
E) upper room where the Apostles and the Blessed Mother waited for the Holy Spirit
F) paranoid ruler, persecuted Christians
G) a name that means “rock”
H) practical Roman ruler for 10 years
I) second Pope, successor to Peter
J) birthday of the Church
K) fourth Pope (reigned from 92-101)
L) Emperor who is said to have “fiddled while Rome burned”
M) head of the Church

Mini-Essay Question: Why was it necessary to locate the headquarters of the (Extra credit—4 points.) Church in Rome?

Supplemental Reading
Johnson, Hannan and Dominica. The Story of the Church. TAN.
Fr. John Laux. Church History. TAN.
Mary Fabyan Windeatt. St. Paul the Apostle. TAN.
Rev. D. I. Lanslots. The Primitive Church—The Church in the Days of the Apostles. TAN.
Fr. Vittorio Guerrera. The Shroud of Turin: A Case for Authenticity. TAN.

Completion
Directions: Complete and make each statement true and accurate by writing one or more words on each blank line.

1. After Commodus died, there were ________________________ emperors in 90 years.
2. Emperor Valerian believed a superstition that the disasters of Rome were caused by the anger of the gods at the ________________________ .
3. St. Sixtus and the four deacons were ________________________ , which means they were witnesses.
4. Diocletian moved his capital to ________________________ in Asia Minor.
5. Diocletian suffered a psychological ________________________ , perhaps caused by guilt over ordering the persecution of Christians.
6. Although Diocletian ordered it, ________________________ and his mother ________________________ were largely responsible for the Great Persecution
of Christians.
7. Constantine escaped Galerius and rode ________________________ miles on horse back to reach his father, Constantius.
8. Galerius’ body was eaten away by an ________________________ .
9. Constantine saw a vision of a ________________________ in the sky.
10. Chi and Rho are the first two letters of the word ________________________ in Greek.
11. The ________________________ Bridge collapsed with Maxentius and his army when they crossed the Tiber, and Maxentius died in the mud.
12. The Edict of Milan is also known as the Edict of ________________________ .
13. The Edict rendered the empire officially ________________________ toward religion.
14. A society based upon laws reflecting the laws of God and Christian principles is known as ________________________ .

Multiple Choice
Directions: After each statement below, there is a set of words or phrases. Circle the
letter next to the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

1. Beginning around the year 96, a series of emperors brought peace and order to Rome. They are known as
a) the Good Emperors
b) the Great Emperors
c) the Talented Emperors
d) the Four Emperors

2. The emperors who were adopted and chosen to succeed peacefully include all of the following except
a) Trajan
b) Hadrian
c) Domitian
d) Marcus Aurelius

3. The decline of Rome included all of the following except
a) the decline of moral standards
b) the increase of population
c) the rising of prices and taxes
d) secret rituals involving mutilation

4. To restore order to Rome, Diocletian
a) established a sound currency
b) eliminated special privileges
c) appointed qualified men to important positions in local governments and the army
d) a. and c. only
e) all of the above

5. The priestess and mother of Galerius who taught her son to hate Christians was
a) Helena
b) Romula
c) Nervina
d) none of the above

6. The decree to persecute was not enforced in Gaul and Britain, which were under the authority of
a) Severus
b) Daia
c) Constantius
d) Commodus

7. Galerius appointed as Caesar:
a) Constantine
b) Daia
c) Severus
d) b. and c. only
e) all of the above

8. Upon assuming power, Constantine and other powerful men met and discussed various questions including
a) ordering the slaughter of enemies, as was customary
b) religious freedom
c) deposing the current Pope
d) a. and c. only
e) all of the above

9. Constantine modified Roman laws to include all of the following changes except
a) promotion of gladiatorial fights
b) protection of widows and orphans
c) abolishing of crucifixion
d) Sunday becoming a festival day

10. Constantine’s mother, who went to the Holy Land and found the Cross on which Christ had died, was
a) Helena
b) Romula
c) Nervina
d) none of the above

True/False
Directions: Circle the letter T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.

1. T F Christianity against Rome was like Elias against the 450 priests of Baal in the Old Testament because both beat tremendous odds.
2. T F The Colosseum was an important symbol of the spiritual health of Rome.
3. T F The Good Emperors did not persecute Christians.
4. T F Commodus continued to persecute Christians just like his father.
5. T F A Pope may resign, but may not be deposed, because no one on earth has higher authority than the Vicar of Christ.
6. T F Hippolytus finally realized his wrongs, and he repented and urged his followers to obey the true Pope.
7. T F The papacy was vacant for almost a year because the Roman clergy feared electing another Pope while Decius lived.
8. T F Diocletian’s policy as emperor was to rule by violence and bloodshed.
9. T F The Great Persecution, which began in 304 A.D., can be called the strongest effort in history to wipe out Christianity.
10. T F Galerius continued to persecute Christians right up until the day he died of the horrible disease which afflicted his body.
11. T F Constantine was in a weak military position against Maxentius and he knew it.
12. T F The Latin words, “In hoc signo vinces,” which Constantine saw in his vision, mean “In this sign you will conquer.”
13. T F The Edict of Milan allowed all people, including Christians, to observe their faith.

A) insane son of Marcus Aurelius
B) first anti-pope; only one to be a saint
C) Pope while Valerian was emperor; martyr
D) heavily armed cavalry
E) helped assassinate Domitian
F) Red Rocks (Battle of the Milvian Bridge)
G) first Pope to resign his office
H) Pope in 217 who had been a slave laborer
in the mines
I) Maximian’s Caesar
J) Nerva’s chosen successor
K) Diocletian’s Caesar
L) the emperor’s personal army
M) first person ordered by Decius to be martyred

1. ___ Nerva
2. ___ Trajan
3. ___ Commodus
4. ___ Praetorian Guard
5. ___ Calixtus
6. ___ Hippolytus
7. ___ Pontian
8. ___ Pope Fabian
9. ___ Sixtus II
10. ___ Galerius
11. ___ Constantius
12. ___ Saxa Rubra
13. ___ Cataphracti

Mini-Essay Question: What did Constantine do to the Roman laws, and of what is (Extra credit—4 points.) he considered the founder?

Supplemental Reading
Abbot Giuseppe Ricciotti. The Age of Martyrs: Christianity from Diocletian (284) to
Constantine (337). TAN.
Fr. A. J. O’Reilly. The Martyrs of the Coliseum. TAN.

Taken from Christ the King, Lord of History by TAN Books & Publishers, Inc.